Dear JWA, Ron Shulamit Conservatory (the progeny of Shulamit Ruppin's Conservatory) just celebrated its 100th year. In researching its history, we found that many notable female musicians had connections to the Conservatory and we would like to update this article with details [which appear in brackets]. Thank you!

ART MUSIC Performance Pnina Salzman is probably IsraelÌ¢‰â‰ã¢s first-ranking woman pianist.[She began her studies at the Shulamit Conservatory (see below) but was quickly wooed to France by the visiting musician Alfred Cortot]. She returned from her studies in Paris during the late 1930s and became a premiere performer in Palestine. During World War II, she and Ella Goldstein appeared frequently with the Philharmonic Orchestra. Goldstein eventually left the country and was never heard from again, but Pnina Salzman [continued] to appear to great acclaim [until her death on Dec. 16, 2006]. She was also a professor at the Tel Aviv Academy of Music. Pianists Varda Nishry (d. 1995), [who also studied at Shulamit Conservatory,] Lola Granetman and Yisraela The number of violinists is fewer. In the 1920s Jenny Schmeltzer was the first woman violinist to perform in the country. At first considered a leading violinist, she faded from view when the symphony orchestra and the academy were founded. The most outstanding violinists are Miriam Fried (b. 1946), who was trained in Israel, moved to Canada, and visits Israel frequently, and Edna Michell (b.1939), who directs the Cantilena Ensemble. Also worthy of mention are Rimma Kaminkovski (b. 1949), Batsheva Savaldi-Kolberg, Vera Vaidman [who teaches at the Ron Shulamit Conservatory in Jerusalem] and Yevgenia Pikovsky of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, who is also the leader of the Millennium Ensemble. There have also been some women cellists and violists of note. The leading Israeli women cellist was Thelma Yellin (1895Ì¢‰â‰ÛÏ1959), an impressive personality and outstanding musician, who immigrated to Israel during the 1920s, [taught at the Shulamit Conservatory], and founded several string quartets. Finally, conducting. To date, no woman has achieved outstanding professional recognition as an orchestra conductor anywhere in the world. The situation is no different in Israel, which can boast of only one woman conductor, Dalia Atlas (b.1933). Even she never attained a major position and must content herself with the semi-professional Technion Orchestra in Haifa and a very few guest appearances. [Conductor and flutist Rena Schaefer has conducted the Zmora professional women's orchestra in Jerusalem for the past 10 years]. MUSIC EDUCATION In Israel, education is generally in the hands of women and a number of women are successfully involved in the field of musical education. They include Shulamit Ruppin, active in the 1920s and 1930s, who founded the first conservatory in Palestine, later called the Shulamit Conservatory in Tel Aviv. [Her conservatory still exists, in the form of the Ron Shulamit Conservatory, in Jerusalem.] Most of the well-known conservatories in the country are run by women. Prominent among them is Esther Narkiss, who directed the conservatory of the Jerusalem Academy from 1979 until 1996 . Her predecessors were Bracha Eden, who directed the conservatory for several years; Daniella Rabinovich, who ran the municipal conservatory in Tel Aviv; Ofra Broshi, [who directed the Ron Shulamit Conservatory in Jerusalem]; and VardaÌ¢‰âÂå_ [Today the Ron Shulamit Conservatory runs the only B.Ed. program for women, in music education, headed by Nomi Perl and staffed completely by female musician teachers.]

POLICYMAKERS AND MANAGERS IN MUSIC Opera companies were formed in Israel three times. Mordechai Golinkin made the first attempt by putting on La Traviata on July 28, 1923; [The performances were accompanied by the Shulamit Conservatory Orchestra.] Edis de Philippe, a singer who came from America, tried again and managed and directed the Israel National Opera MUSIC IN THE MEDIA Dissemination of music knowledge and awareness is also part of the media, especially since during the 1990s there was a desire by the public to better understand performance music. Several musicians have concentrated on this area, foremost among them Estherit Baltzan (b. 1952), who has organized well-received concerts with commentaries for the public at large. [The all female orchestra "Zmora", performs explained concerts in elementary and high schools.]

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